Secondary Drowning – What You Need to Know
Most people know the dangers of drowning, but few have heard of secondary drowning — a rare yet serious complication that can occur hours after a person has left the water. Understanding what to look for and how to respond could save a life.
What Is Secondary Drowning?
Secondary drowning (sometimes called delayed drowning or post-immersion respiratory distress) happens when a small amount of water enters the lungs during a near-drowning or water-related incident.
Even a small amount of water can cause irritation and inflammation in the lungs, leading to fluid build-up and breathing difficulties several hours later.
Who Can It Affect?
It can happen to anyone, but it’s more common in:
- Children and weak swimmers
- People rescued after struggling in water
- Casual swimmers caught in waves or rough water
- Those involved in water sports or boating incidents
Early Warning Signs
Symptoms may appear within 1 to 24 hours after the water incident.
Seek medical help immediately if someone develops any of the following after being in water:
- Persistent coughing or difficulty breathing
- Chest pain or a feeling of tightness
- Extreme tiredness or unusual sleepiness
- Confusion, irritability, or changes in behaviour
- Vomiting
- Bluish lips or pale skin
These signs could indicate that fluid is building up in the lungs and the person’s oxygen levels are dropping.
First Aid and What to Do
- Monitor closely after any water-related incident, even if the person seems fine at first.
- If any symptoms develop, call 999 (or 112) and explain that the person may have inhaled water.
- Keep the person sitting upright to help with breathing.
- Do not lie them down, as this can make breathing more difficult.
- Be ready to start CPR if they become unresponsive and are not breathing normally.
Prevention Tips
- Always supervise children near water — paddling pools, baths, lakes, and beaches.
- Use floatation devices and ensure they are properly fitted.
- Teach swimmers to avoid panic and to float on their back if they get into trouble.
- After any near-drowning, seek medical advice even if the person seems well.
In Summary
Secondary drowning is very rare, but it’s important to know the warning signs. With prompt recognition and quick medical attention, most people make a full recovery.
Awareness saves lives — both in and out of the water.